Dec 12, 2025 · Subatomic particle, any of various self-contained units of matter or energy that are the fundamental constituents of all matter. They include electrons, protons, neutrons, quarks, muons, …

6 days ago · These basic subatomic particles—protons, neutrons, and electrons—are themselves made up of smaller substances, such as quarks and leptons. More than 90 types of atoms exist in nature, …

Today all the matter in the universe is viewed as being composed of three kinds of elementary atomic particles: (1) particles called quarks, which make up neutrons and protons; (2) particles called …

Dec 12, 2025 · The term subatomic particle refers both to the true elementary particles, such as quarks and electrons, and to the larger particles that quarks form. Although both are elementary particles, …

Dec 19, 2025 · Combining the electroweak theory and the quark theory, a theoretical framework called the Standard Model was constructed; it includes all known particles and field quanta. In the Standard …

Dec 12, 2025 · The search for a unified theory of everything, which incorporates all four fundamental forces, is one of the major goals of particle physics. It is leading theorists to an exciting area of study …

Chen Ning Yang was a Chinese-born American theoretical physicist whose research with Tsung-Dao Lee showed that parity—the symmetry between physical phenomena occurring in right-handed and …

Atomic physics, the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and with electric and magnetic fields.

Oct 15, 2025 · Probably the most-familiar subatomic particle is the electron, the component of atoms that makes interatomic bonding and chemical reactions —and hence life—possible. The electron …

Nov 27, 2025 · In the years after Dalton described his atomic model, multiple experiments were performed that proved that charged particles exist. In 1897 English physicist J.J. Thomson …