The most profound and horrific form of body marking in the early modern period, said Koslofsky, was the branding of enslaved people by European slave traders. While Africans themselves also took ...

The genesis of many institutions and concepts can be traced back to the medieval and early modern period. It was an age characterized by deep religious faith and creativity; by philosophical and ...

John O'Malley, a distinguished scholar of the Renaissance and Reformation, has decisively challenged this interpretation, emphasizing the variety, vitality, and complexity of Catholicism in the early ...