On Saturday, he will speak to the audience about Beethoven’s “Archduke” because it was dedicated to Archduke Rudolph of Austria, the youngest child of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor ...

Pius IX, John Paul II, and Leo XIII also had long reigns ... struggled against the internalized conflicts such as with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, and headed the attempt to seal the battle ...

Radiocarbon dating indicates that it was placed there between 1513 and 1666, a time that coincided with the reign of Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II. This is the earliest known example of the plant ...

A few others came from inside the Holy Roman Empire but outside the bounds of modern-day Italy. German popes elected from the Empire included Gregory in 996 and Damasus II in 1048. England ...

The Habsburgs were an influential European dynasty that ruled much of the continent for centuries, and to keep their power and money within the family, they frequently intermarried. King Charles II of ...

As a variety of ingredients made into a sausage and stuffed into casings, they were eaten at imperial coronations including that of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor. It is also documented that on ...

From Saint Peter, whose martyrdom in Rome began the unbroken line of succession, to John Paul II’s charismatic ... by enduring conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and ...

Formosus worked against Holy Roman co-emperors Guy II and his son Lambert, encouraging King Arnulf of the East Franks to invade Italy, before crowning him as emperor in 896 CE. Arnulf was forced ...

This exchange backfired. Gregory VI was soon deposed in December 1046 during a synod led by Holy Roman Emperor Henry III. Clement II, his successor, served briefly before his death in October 1047.

Radiocarbon dating indicates the pod predates the earliest known records of vanilla’s presence in Europe, according to the study. Photo by J. Irmišová et al. (2025.) Hidden beneath the ...