Researchers in Spain reviewed six models used to calculate incidence angle modifier (IAM) losses in photovoltaic systems. They identified the Martín-Ruiz model as the most comprehensive, as it ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

Julia Kagan is a financial/consumer journalist and former senior editor, personal finance, of Investopedia. Marguerita is a Certified Financial Planner (CFP), Chartered Retirement Planning Counselor ...

Abstract: The large array aperture of extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems necessitates the consideration of near-field (NF) spherical wavefront, which significantly ...

Abstract: The channel characteristics of immersed tunnels play a crucial role in the design and optimization of electronic toll collection (ETC) communication systems in such environments. Due to the ...