Logic signals have fallen from the 15V of the old CMOS 4000 series to 5V TTL (transistor-to-transistor logic) to modern CMOS levels of 3.3, 2.7, and 1.8V. Advanced processes use digital logic that ...

The operation and description of the UART serial interface through USB is discussed in this application note. In addition, the firmware application code in C language, containing communication ...

Electronics is everywhere, especially these days. Many times, as frequent users, we do not even notice a “paradigm change” in the things we use on regular basis. We use a fridge, but we do not care ...

Robust serial interfaces such as USB and IEEE-1394 ™ have revolutionized personal computing. They provide a simple-to-use interconnection to a variety of different peripherals, ranging from products ...

Dozens of serial data interfaces are used today. Most have been developed for specific applications. A few have become universal, such as I 2 C, CAN, LIN, SPI, Flex, MOST, and I 2 S. Then there’s ...