Three white solids are added to a colorless stirred solution ... The overall reaction is usually given as: 3CH2(COOH)2(aq) + 4BrO3–(aq) → 4Br–(aq) + 9CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) The oxidation of the malonic acid ...

This is due to the cost and energy required to start the reaction in the first place meaning it would be too expensive and use too much energy if it was started and stopped regularly. The calcium ...