History is full of backstabbing rivalries: Edison and Tesla, Harding and Kerrigan, Tupac and Biggie. No less dramatic was a 16th-century conflict between Italian mathematicians Gerolamo Cardano, a ...

Principal stresses are defined as the maximum and minimum normal stresses in a plane. Principal stresses are perpendicular to each other and oriented such that shear stresses are zero. For 3D stress ...

Given any cubic or quartic equation with real coefficients, it can be transformed by a change of variable into a standard form, and thus solved by means of a double-sided scale (Fig. 1) in the case of ...

A new, simple form of a cubic equation of state (EOS) has been developed in a recent study. A comparison to experimental data and other cubic equations of state show that the new EOS is more accurate.

Western civilization woke with a start after the slumbers of the medieval age. Universities in Bologna, Oxford, Salamanca, Paris and elsewhere began to flourish. In the early 16th century, several ...