Elevated serum creatinine levels often signal impaired kidney function, commonly resulting from conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), dehydration or acute kidney injury (AKI).

Low creatinine levels often result from muscle loss, pregnancy, illness, or malnutrition. By contrast, high creatinine levels may indicate an issue with kidney ... Liver disease and liver failure ...

The published data complement a recent review from the Mayo Clinic that highlights penKid's potential as a new method to measure renal function beyond creatinine (2). Acute kidney injury (AKI ...