A formula used to turn ordinary data, or "plaintext," into a secret coded message known as "ciphertext." The ciphertext can reside in storage or travel over unsecure networks without its contents ...

Many aspects of modern applied research rely on a crucial algorithm called gradient descent. This is a procedure generally used for finding the largest or smallest values of a particular mathematical ...

There are problems that are in practice beyond the capabilities of even the most powerful versions of today’s computers imaginable. These successes could be taken to indicate that computation has no ...

A visual algorithm has been developed that its researchers believe can accurately rank historical art works according to their creativity, a study published in arxiv reveals. Computer scientists Ahmed ...