The publicity was a potential boon for AfD, which has been frozen out of mainstream politics in part because its leaders have downplayed Nazi atrocities.

Tech billionaire Elon Musk live-streamed a chat with a leader of Germany's far-right party on Thursday, using the power of his social media platform, X, to amplify its message ahead of an upcoming national election — and raising concerns across Europe about potential meddling by the world's richest man.